使用Quartus-II 9.1SP2 + ModelSim 6.5b-Aletra + Altera DE2-115 FPGA開發平台,設計Shift Register (Bidirectional)為例(FPGA開發平台)
module DE2_115 (SW, LEDR, LEDG , CLOCK_50 ,KEY ,HEX0 ,HEX1 ,HEX2,HEX3,HEX4 ,HEX5 ,HEX6,HEX7, GPIO );
input [17:0] SW; // toggle switches
input [7:0] KEY; // Push bottom
input CLOCK_50; //Clock 27MHz , 50Mhz
output [17:0] LEDR; // red LEDS
output [8:0] LEDG; // green LEDs
output [6:0] HEX0,HEX1,HEX2,HEX3; //7-segment display
output [6:0] HEX4,HEX5,HEX6,HEX7; //7-segment display
inout [35:0] GPIO;
assign HEX0=7'b111_1111;
assign HEX1=7'b111_1111;
assign HEX2=7'b111_1111;
assign HEX3=7'b111_1111;
assign HEX4=7'b111_1111;
assign HEX5=7'b111_1111;
assign HEX6=7'b111_1111;
assign HEX7=7'b111_1111;
wire oClk_1MHz,oClk100K,oClk10K,oClk1K,oClk100,oClk10,oClk1 ;
MHz50_1MHz u1 (CLOCK_50,KEY[0],oClk_1MHz);
clk_1Hz u2 (oClk_1MHz,KEY[0],oClk100K,oClk10K,oClk1K,oClk100,oClk10,oClk1);
assign LEDR[17] = oClk1;
//module shift_register_bidirectional(Q3, Q2, Q1, Q0, D3, D2, D1, D0, S1, S0, CLK);
// output Q3; // Register output most significant bit.
// output Q2;
// output Q1;
// output Q0; // Register output least significant bit.
// input D3; // Register input most significant bit.
// input D2;
// input D1;
// input D0; // Register input least significant bit.
// input S1; // MUX selector most significant bit.
// input S0; // MUX selector least significant bit.
// input CLK;
shift_register_bidirectional u0(LEDR[3],LEDR[2],LEDR[1],LEDR[0],
SW[3],SW[2],SW[1],SW[0],SW[17],SW[16],oClk1);
endmodule
module MHz50_1MHz(Clk_in , Clr , Clk_out); //除50
input Clk_in , Clr; // 一位元輸入
output reg Clk_out;
reg [4:0] cnt=5'b0_0000;
// counter size calculation according to input and output frequencies
parameter sys_clk = 50000000; // 50 MHz system clock
parameter clkout = 1000000; // 1 MHz clock output
parameter max = sys_clk / (2*clkout); // max-counter size
always@(posedge Clk_in or negedge Clr ) begin
if (~Clr)
begin
cnt <= 0;
end
else if (cnt == max-1 )
begin
cnt <= 0;
Clk_out <= ~Clk_out;
end
else
begin
cnt <= cnt + 1'd1;
end
end
endmodule
// Ch10 clk_1Hz.v
// 由 10M Hz 除頻至 1 Hz
module clk_1Hz (Clk1M,Clr,Clk100K,Clk10K,Clk1K,Clk100,Clk10,Clk1);
input Clk1M,Clr; // 一位元輸入
output Clk100K,Clk10K,Clk1K,Clk100,Clk10,Clk1; // 一位元輸出
div10 D2 (Clk1M , Clr, Clk100K);
div10 D3 (Clk100K, Clr, Clk10K );
div10 D4 (Clk10K , Clr, Clk1K );
div10 D5 (Clk1K , Clr, Clk100 );
div10 D6 (Clk100 , Clr, Clk10 );
div10 D7 (Clk10 , Clr, Clk1 );
endmodule
// Ch10 div10.v
// 除頻 /10
module div10 (Clk_i,Clr,Clk_o);
input Clk_i,Clr; // 一位元輸入
output Clk_o; // 一位元輸出
reg Clk_o; // 宣告為暫存器資料
reg [3:0] Q; // 宣告為暫存器資料
// MOD-10 (BCD) 除頻
always@ (posedge Clk_i or negedge Clr)
if (~Clr )
Q = 0;
else if (Q == 9)
Q = 0;
else
Q = Q + 1;
// 形成對稱方波
always@ (Q)
if (Q <= 4)
Clk_o = 0;
else
Clk_o = 1;
endmodule
input [17:0] SW; // toggle switches
input [7:0] KEY; // Push bottom
input CLOCK_50; //Clock 27MHz , 50Mhz
output [17:0] LEDR; // red LEDS
output [8:0] LEDG; // green LEDs
output [6:0] HEX0,HEX1,HEX2,HEX3; //7-segment display
output [6:0] HEX4,HEX5,HEX6,HEX7; //7-segment display
inout [35:0] GPIO;
assign HEX0=7'b111_1111;
assign HEX1=7'b111_1111;
assign HEX2=7'b111_1111;
assign HEX3=7'b111_1111;
assign HEX4=7'b111_1111;
assign HEX5=7'b111_1111;
assign HEX6=7'b111_1111;
assign HEX7=7'b111_1111;
wire oClk_1MHz,oClk100K,oClk10K,oClk1K,oClk100,oClk10,oClk1 ;
MHz50_1MHz u1 (CLOCK_50,KEY[0],oClk_1MHz);
clk_1Hz u2 (oClk_1MHz,KEY[0],oClk100K,oClk10K,oClk1K,oClk100,oClk10,oClk1);
assign LEDR[17] = oClk1;
//module shift_register_bidirectional(Q3, Q2, Q1, Q0, D3, D2, D1, D0, S1, S0, CLK);
// output Q3; // Register output most significant bit.
// output Q2;
// output Q1;
// output Q0; // Register output least significant bit.
// input D3; // Register input most significant bit.
// input D2;
// input D1;
// input D0; // Register input least significant bit.
// input S1; // MUX selector most significant bit.
// input S0; // MUX selector least significant bit.
// input CLK;
shift_register_bidirectional u0(LEDR[3],LEDR[2],LEDR[1],LEDR[0],
SW[3],SW[2],SW[1],SW[0],SW[17],SW[16],oClk1);
endmodule
module MHz50_1MHz(Clk_in , Clr , Clk_out); //除50
input Clk_in , Clr; // 一位元輸入
output reg Clk_out;
reg [4:0] cnt=5'b0_0000;
// counter size calculation according to input and output frequencies
parameter sys_clk = 50000000; // 50 MHz system clock
parameter clkout = 1000000; // 1 MHz clock output
parameter max = sys_clk / (2*clkout); // max-counter size
always@(posedge Clk_in or negedge Clr ) begin
if (~Clr)
begin
cnt <= 0;
end
else if (cnt == max-1 )
begin
cnt <= 0;
Clk_out <= ~Clk_out;
end
else
begin
cnt <= cnt + 1'd1;
end
end
endmodule
// Ch10 clk_1Hz.v
// 由 10M Hz 除頻至 1 Hz
module clk_1Hz (Clk1M,Clr,Clk100K,Clk10K,Clk1K,Clk100,Clk10,Clk1);
input Clk1M,Clr; // 一位元輸入
output Clk100K,Clk10K,Clk1K,Clk100,Clk10,Clk1; // 一位元輸出
div10 D2 (Clk1M , Clr, Clk100K);
div10 D3 (Clk100K, Clr, Clk10K );
div10 D4 (Clk10K , Clr, Clk1K );
div10 D5 (Clk1K , Clr, Clk100 );
div10 D6 (Clk100 , Clr, Clk10 );
div10 D7 (Clk10 , Clr, Clk1 );
endmodule
// Ch10 div10.v
// 除頻 /10
module div10 (Clk_i,Clr,Clk_o);
input Clk_i,Clr; // 一位元輸入
output Clk_o; // 一位元輸出
reg Clk_o; // 宣告為暫存器資料
reg [3:0] Q; // 宣告為暫存器資料
// MOD-10 (BCD) 除頻
always@ (posedge Clk_i or negedge Clr)
if (~Clr )
Q = 0;
else if (Q == 9)
Q = 0;
else
Q = Q + 1;
// 形成對稱方波
always@ (Q)
if (Q <= 4)
Clk_o = 0;
else
Clk_o = 1;
endmodule
module shift_register_bidirectional(Q3, Q2, Q1, Q0, D3, D2, D1, D0, S1, S0, CLK);
output Q3; // Register output most significant bit.
output Q2;
output Q1;
output Q0; // Register output least significant bit.
input D3; // Register input most significant bit.
input D2;
input D1;
input D0; // Register input least significant bit.
input S1; // MUX selector most significant bit.
input S0; // MUX selector least significant bit.
input CLK;
wire Q3n, Q2n, Q1n, Q0n;
wire X3, X2, X1, X0;
multiplexer_4_1 #(1) mux0(X0, Q3, Q1, Q0, D0, S1, S0);
d_flip_flop_edge_triggered dff0(Q0, Q0n, CLK, X0);
multiplexer_4_1 #(1) mux1(X1, Q0, Q2, Q1, D1, S1, S0);
d_flip_flop_edge_triggered dff1(Q1, Q1n, CLK, X1);
multiplexer_4_1 #(1) mux2(X2, Q1, Q3, Q2, D2, S1, S0);
d_flip_flop_edge_triggered dff2(Q2, Q2n, CLK, X2);
multiplexer_4_1 #(1) mux3(X3, Q2, Q0, Q3, D3, S1, S0);
d_flip_flop_edge_triggered dff3(Q3, Q3n, CLK, X3);
endmodule // shift_register_bidirectional
module multiplexer_4_1(X, A0, A1, A2, A3, S1, S0);
parameter WIDTH=16; // How many bits wide are the lines
output [WIDTH-1:0] X; // The output line
input [WIDTH-1:0] A3; // Input line with id 2'b11
input [WIDTH-1:0] A2; // Input line with id 2'b10
input [WIDTH-1:0] A1; // Input line with id 2'b01
input [WIDTH-1:0] A0; // Input line with id 2'b00
input S0; // Least significant selection bit
input S1; // Most significant selection bit
assign X = (S1 == 0
? (S0 == 0
? A0 // {S1,S0} = 2'b00
: A1) // {S1,S0} = 2'b01
: (S0 == 0
? A2 // {S1,S0} = 2'b10
: A3)); // {S1,S0} = 2'b11
endmodule // multiplexer_4_1
module d_flip_flop_edge_triggered(Q, Qn, C, D);
output Q;
output Qn;
input C;
input D;
wire Cn; // Control input to the D latch.
wire Cnn; // Control input to the SR latch.
wire DQ; // Output from the D latch, inputs to the gated SR latch.
wire DQn; // Output from the D latch, inputs to the gated SR latch.
not(Cn, C);
not(Cnn, Cn);
d_latch dl(DQ, DQn, Cn, D);
sr_latch_gated sr(Q, Qn, Cnn, DQ, DQn);
endmodule // d_flip_flop_edge_triggered
module d_latch(Q, Qn, G, D);
output Q;
output Qn;
input G;
input D;
wire Dn;
wire D1;
wire Dn1;
not(Dn, D);
and(D1, G, D);
and(Dn1, G, Dn);
nor(Qn, D1, Q);
nor(Q, Dn1, Qn);
endmodule // d_latch
module sr_latch_gated(Q, Qn, G, S, R);
output Q;
output Qn;
input G;
input S;
input R;
wire S1;
wire R1;
and(S1, G, S);
and(R1, G, R);
nor(Qn, S1, Q);
nor(Q, R1, Qn);
endmodule // sr_latch_gated
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