2025年9月20日 星期六

第二次作業 模擬 RFID(要按PB) 輸出UID至MQTT Broker 後給Python TKinter 暨 Node-Red (Sqlite資料庫) 另一路至Telegram

第二次作業   

模擬 RFID(要按PB) 輸出UID至MQTT Broker 後給Python TKinter 暨 Node-Red (Sqlite資料庫) 另一路至Telegram 



結果  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-_k7d53rYI&t=10s

Telegram 安裝


參考  https://alex9ufoexploer.blogspot.com/2025/04/telegram.html

Telegram 完全教學攻略：從註冊、中文化、設定到各種應用技巧一次學會
https://www.techbang.com/posts/76688-telegram-complete-lying-on-teaching-strategies-from-registration-chinese-setting-stoking-to-a-variety-of-application-techniques-learned-at-once
iOS下載網址：https://reurl.cc/VaKlNQ
Android下載網址：https://reurl.cc/alQALY
PC/Mac/Linux下載網址：https://reurl.cc/lL8Ag6
macOS下載網址：https://reurl.cc/EKkeeK
網頁版連結：https://reurl.cc/mdaAAM






WOKWI硬體 利用PB壓下後產生亂數模擬RFID UID碼




(需修改 )

// Telegram
#define BOTtoken "8023906815:AAE0KApbm5Ng00VCvO57JWA_XKtbx6a4IXM"
#define CHAT_ID "7965218469"
否則您的telegram 會無法收到訊息
Wokwi程式 

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
#include <UniversalTelegramBot.h>   // Telegram Bot Library
#include <ArduinoMqttClient.h>

// WiFi 參數
char ssid[] = "Wokwi-GUEST";
char pass[] = "";

// MQTT
WiFiClient wifiClient;
MqttClient mqttClient(wifiClient);
const char broker[] = "broker.mqttgo.io";
int port = 1883;
const char *PubTopic3 = "alex9ufo/esp32/RFID";

// Telegram
#define BOTtoken "802131906815:AAE0KApbm5Ng100VCvO57JWA1_XKtbx6a4IXM"
#define CHAT_ID "796152218469"
WiFiClientSecure client1;
UniversalTelegramBot bot(BOTtoken, client1);

// 狀態變數
int inPin = 12;
String RFIDjson = "";
unsigned long lastCheck = 0;

//===========================================================
// WiFi 初始化
void setup_wifi() {
  WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println("\nWiFi connected, IP: " + WiFi.localIP().toString());
}

//===========================================================
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(inPin, INPUT);
  randomSeed(analogRead(0));

  setup_wifi();
  client1.setInsecure();

  bot.sendMessage(CHAT_ID, "ESP32 啟動完成，按PB健", "");

  if (!mqttClient.connect(broker, port)) {
    Serial.println("MQTT connection failed!");
    while (1);
  }
  Serial.println("Connected to MQTT broker!");
}

//===========================================================
void loop() {
  // MQTT 維持連線
  mqttClient.poll();

  // 每 50ms 檢查一次 RFID (避免太頻繁觸發)
  if (millis() - lastCheck > 50) {
    lastCheck = millis();

    if (digitalRead(inPin) == HIGH) {
      // 模擬 RFID UID
      struct RFID_UID { uint8_t uidByte[10]; uint8_t size; };
      RFID_UID uid;
      uid.size = 4;
      for (int i = 0; i < uid.size; i++) {
        uid.uidByte[i] = random(256);
      }

      RFIDjson = "{ \"uid\": \"";
      for (int i = 0; i < uid.size; i++) {
        RFIDjson += String(uid.uidByte[i], HEX);
      }
      RFIDjson += "\" }";

      // 發送到 MQTT
      if (mqttClient.connect(broker, port)) {
        mqttClient.beginMessage(PubTopic3, RFIDjson.length(), false, 1, false);
        mqttClient.print(RFIDjson);
        mqttClient.endMessage();

        // 發送到 Telegram
        bot.sendMessage(CHAT_ID, RFIDjson, "");  

        Serial.println("RFID sent: " + RFIDjson);
      }

      delay(500);  // 防止連續觸發
    }
  }
}




# 程式中 資料庫路徑

DB_PATH = r"D:\2025RFID\2025-09下學期\EX2\rfid.db"

請修改為您存放的路徑

Python程式


import tkinter as tk

from tkinter import ttk

import sqlite3

import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt

from datetime import datetime


# 資料庫路徑

DB_PATH = r"D:\2025RFID\2025-09下學期\EX2\rfid.db"

MQTT_BROKER = "broker.mqttgo.io"

MQTT_PORT = 1883

MQTT_TOPIC = "alex9ufo/esp32/RFID"


# 建立資料表（如果尚未存在）

def init_db():

    conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_PATH)

    cursor = conn.cursor()

    cursor.execute("""

        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rfid_logs (

            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,

            uid TEXT NOT NULL,

            date TEXT NOT NULL,

            time TEXT NOT NULL

        )

    """)

    conn.commit()

    conn.close()


# 插入新資料

def insert_uid(uid):

    now = datetime.now()

    date_str = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

    time_str = now.strftime("%H:%M:%S")

    conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_PATH)

    cursor = conn.cursor()

    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO rfid_logs (uid, date, time) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", (uid, date_str, time_str))

    conn.commit()

    conn.close()

    refresh_table()


# 讀取資料並更新表格

def refresh_table():

    for row in tree.get_children():

        tree.delete(row)

    conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_PATH)

    cursor = conn.cursor()

    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM rfid_logs ORDER BY id DESC")

    rows = cursor.fetchall()

    for row in rows:

        tree.insert("", tk.END, values=row)

    conn.close()


# MQTT 訊息處理

def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):

    client.subscribe(MQTT_TOPIC)


def on_message(client, userdata, msg):

    uid = msg.payload.decode()

    insert_uid(uid)


# 建立 GUI

root = tk.Tk()

root.title("RFID 資料顯示")

root.geometry("600x400")


columns = ("id", "uid", "date", "time")

tree = ttk.Treeview(root, columns=columns, show="headings")

for col in columns:

    tree.heading(col, text=col)

    tree.column(col, width=100)

tree.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)


# 初始化資料庫與表格

init_db()

refresh_table()


# 啟動 MQTT 客戶端

client = mqtt.Client()

client.on_connect = on_connect

client.on_message = on_message

client.connect(MQTT_BROKER, MQTT_PORT, 60)

client.loop_start()


# 啟動 GUI 主迴圈

root.mainloop()


模擬一個 RFID 打卡記錄系統的桌面端監控程式。

  1. MQTT 即時監聽 (Real-time Listener): 程式作為一個 MQTT 客戶端，持續連線到 broker.mqttgo.io:1883 並訂閱 alex9ufo/esp32/RFID 主題。

  2. 數據處理與儲存 (Data Logging): 一旦收到來自 MQTT 的訊息（被視為 RFID 卡號 UID），程式會自動獲取當前的日期和時間，將 UID、日期、時間 一起寫入本地的 rfid.db 資料庫中的 rfid_logs 資料表。

  3. 圖形化介面顯示 (GUI): 使用 Tkinter 創建一個簡單的視窗，內含一個表格 (ttk.Treeview)，用於即時顯示資料庫中的所有打卡記錄。每次有新的記錄插入時，表格會自動更新，確保使用者看到最新的數據。

import tkinter as tk

from tkinter import ttk

import sqlite3

import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt

from datetime import datetime


# ==============================================================================

# 程式配置區塊 (Configuration Block)

# ==============================================================================


# 資料庫路徑

DB_PATH = r"D:\2025RFID\2025-09下學期\EX2\rfid.db"

# MQTT Broker 伺服器位址

MQTT_BROKER = "broker.mqttgo.io"

# MQTT Broker 連接埠 (標準未加密連線)

MQTT_PORT = 1883

# MQTT 訂閱及發佈的主題名稱

MQTT_TOPIC = "alex9ufo/esp32/RFID"


# ==============================================================================

# 資料庫操作函式 (Database Functions)

# ==============================================================================


# 建立資料表（如果尚未存在）

def init_db():

    # 連接到 SQLite 資料庫檔案

    conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_PATH)

    cursor = conn.cursor()

    # 執行 SQL 語句：建立 rfid_logs 資料表

    # 包含 id (主鍵, 自動遞增)、uid (卡號)、date (日期)、time (時間)

    cursor.execute("""

        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rfid_logs (

            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,

            uid TEXT NOT NULL,

            date TEXT NOT NULL,

            time TEXT NOT NULL

        )

    """)

    conn.commit() # 提交變更

    conn.close() # 關閉連線


# 插入新資料 (由 MQTT 觸發)

def insert_uid(uid):

    # 獲取當前時間

    now = datetime.now()

    # 格式化日期為 YYYY-MM-DD

    date_str = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

    # 格式化時間為 HH:MM:SS

    time_str = now.strftime("%H:%M:%S")

    

    conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_PATH)

    cursor = conn.cursor()

    # 執行 INSERT 語句，使用 '?' 作為佔位符防止 SQL 注入

    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO rfid_logs (uid, date, time) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", (uid, date_str, time_str))

    conn.commit()

    conn.close()

    

    # 插入新數據後，立即更新 GUI 表格顯示

    refresh_table()


# 讀取資料並更新表格 (GUI 介面)

def refresh_table():

    # 1. 清空 Treeview 中現有的所有行

    for row in tree.get_children():

        tree.delete(row)

        

    # 2. 從資料庫讀取最新數據

    conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_PATH)

    cursor = conn.cursor()

    # 查詢所有數據，並按 ID 倒序排列 (DESC)，最新的記錄在最上面

    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM rfid_logs ORDER BY id DESC")

    rows = cursor.fetchall() # 獲取所有結果

    conn.close()

    

    # 3. 將數據插入到 Treeview

    for row in rows:

        # tree.insert(父節點, 位置, 值)

        tree.insert("", tk.END, values=row)


# ==============================================================================

# MQTT 客戶端回調函式 (MQTT Client Callbacks)

# ==============================================================================


# 連線成功時的回調函式

def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):

    # rc = 0 代表連線成功

    if rc == 0:

        # 連線成功後，訂閱指定的主題

        client.subscribe(MQTT_TOPIC)

        # 可以添加 print("MQTT 連線成功並已訂閱") 進行除錯

    

# 收到 MQTT 訊息時的回調函式

def on_message(client, userdata, msg):

    # 將收到的二進制 payload 轉換為字串 (即 RFID UID)

    uid = msg.payload.decode()

    # 呼叫函式將此 UID 寫入資料庫

    insert_uid(uid)


# ==============================================================================

# GUI 介面設定 (GUI Setup)

# ==============================================================================


# 建立主視窗

root = tk.Tk()

root.title("RFID 資料顯示")

root.geometry("600x400") # 設定視窗初始大小


# 定義表格的欄位名稱

columns = ("id", "uid", "date", "time")

# 建立 Treeview 表格組件

tree = ttk.Treeview(root, columns=columns, show="headings")


# 配置每個欄位

for col in columns:

    tree.heading(col, text=col) # 設定欄位標題

    tree.column(col, width=100) # 設定欄位寬度

    

# 將表格組件放置到主視窗中，fill=tk.BOTH 擴展填充，expand=True 允許隨視窗縮放

tree.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)


# ==============================================================================

# 初始化與啟動 (Initialization and Start)

# ==============================================================================


# 執行資料庫初始化 (建立資料表)

init_db()

# 首次讀取資料庫數據並顯示在表格中

refresh_table()


# 啟動 MQTT 客戶端

client = mqtt.Client()

# 設定連線成功和收到訊息時的回調函式

client.on_connect = on_connect

client.on_message = on_message

# 連接到 Broker

client.connect(MQTT_BROKER, MQTT_PORT, 60)

# 以非阻塞方式在後台運行網路循環，確保 GUI 不會被 MQTT 循環阻塞

client.loop_start()


# 啟動 GUI 主迴圈 (程式從此進入事件驅動模式，等待用戶操作或 MQTT 訊息)

root.mainloop()



//========================================

Node-RED 安裝步驟暨執行node-red程式

https://alex9ufoexploer.blogspot.com/2025/07/node-red-node-red.html

Node-Red安裝 與 dashboard 安裝與使用範例

https://alex9ufoexploer.blogspot.com/2023/10/node-red-dashboard_18.html

Node-Red安裝 與 dashboard 安裝

https://sites.google.com/site/wenyunotify/12-node-red/01-%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80%E7%AF%87

DB Browser for SQLite 的安裝

https://alex9ufoexploer.blogspot.com/2025/07/db-browser-for-sqlite.html





(安裝node-red , dashboard , sqlitedb, telegrambot 節點 才能匯入程式 )

留意 rfid.db 存放位置 D:\2025RFID\2025-09下學期\EX2\rfid.db 

請修改為您存放的路徑

Node-Red程式 

[

    {

        "id": "ec87aef83806bf77",

        "type": "tab",

        "label": "RFID_2025",

        "disabled": false,

        "info": "",

        "env": []

    },

    {

        "id": "5318e15b20b2d057",

        "type": "mqtt in",

        "z": "ec87aef83806bf77",

        "name": "RFID UID In",

        "topic": "alex9ufo/esp32/RFID",

        "qos": "1",

        "datatype": "auto-detect",

        "broker": "450dc18180d64bb4",

        "nl": false,

        "rap": true,

        "rh": 0,

        "inputs": 0,

        "x": 110,

        "y": 380,

        "wires": [

            [

                "43e89ebe38071896",

                "d189cd151fb44415"

            ]

        ]

    },

    {

        "id": "09f57e8989839b3f",

        "type": "ui_text",

        "z": "ec87aef83806bf77",

        "group": "01def7a22d7e0b47",

        "order": 1,

        "width": 4,

        "height": 1,

        "name": "UID",

        "label": "UID",

        "format": "{{msg.payload}} ",

        "layout": "row-left",

        "className": "",

        "style": false,

        "font": "",

        "fontSize": "",

        "color": "#000000",

        "x": 390,

        "y": 420,

        "wires": []

    },

    {

        "id": "a5f9d8b1a41e041a",

        "type": "ui_text",

        "z": "ec87aef83806bf77",

        "group": "01def7a22d7e0b47",

        "order": 2,

        "width": 4,

        "height": 1,

        "name": "Current Time",

        "label": "",

        "format": "<span style=\"font-weight:bold;\">{{msg.payload}}</span>",

        "layout": "row-spread",

        "className": "",

        "style": false,

        "font": "",

        "fontSize": "",

        "color": "#000000",

        "x": 530,

        "y": 660,

        "wires": []

    },

    {

        "id": "3276e8ef114117e3",

        "type": "inject",

        "z": "ec87aef83806bf77",

        "name": "Current Time",

        "props": [

            {

                "p": "payload"

            },

            {

                "p": "topic",

                "vt": "str"

            }

        ],

        "repeat": "1",

        "crontab": "",

        "once": true,

        "onceDelay": "0.1",

        "topic": "",

        "payload": "",

        "payloadType": "date",

        "x": 120,

        "y": 660,

        "wires": [

            [

                "b69f3cf69db70f15"

            ]

        ]

    },

    {

        "id": "b69f3cf69db70f15",

        "type": "function",

        "z": "ec87aef83806bf77",

        "name": "Format Date/Time",

        "func": "const now = new Date(msg.payload);\nconst date = now.toLocaleDateString();\nconst time = now.toLocaleTimeString();\nmsg.payload = `${date} ${time}`;\nreturn msg;",

        "outputs": 1,

        "timeout": "",

        "noerr": 0,

        "initialize": "",

        "finalize": "",

        "libs": [],

        "x": 330,

        "y": 660,

        "wires": [

            [

                "a5f9d8b1a41e041a"

            ]

        ]

    },

    {

        "id": "c43ba373c649a667",

        "type": "function",

        "z": "ec87aef83806bf77",

        "name": "Log UID",

        "func": "const now = new Date();\nconst rdate = now.toISOString().split('T')[0];\nconst rtime = now.toTimeString().split(' ')[0];\nvar rtemp= msg.payload ;\nmsg.topic = \"INSERT INTO rfid_logs (uid ,date, time) VALUES ($temp , $date, $time )\";\nmsg.payload = [rtemp ,rdate, rtime ];\nreturn msg;\n\n//CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rfid_logs \n//(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,\n//uid TEXT NOT NULL,\n//date TEXT NOT NULL,\n//time TEXT NOT NULL)",

        "outputs": 1,

        "timeout": "",

        "noerr": 0,

        "initialize": "",

        "finalize": "",

        "libs": [],

        "x": 400,

        "y": 380,

        "wires": [

            [

                "eaf68880f7e1e8a3"

            ]

        ]

    },

    {

        "id": "121608f3028a5a08",

        "type": "sqlite",

        "z": "ec87aef83806bf77",

        "mydb": "9c0419f225af3721",

        "sqlquery": "msg.topic",

        "sql": "{{msg.topic}}",

        "name": "RFID SQLite DB",

        "x": 500,

        "y": 320,

        "wires": [

            [

                "306c76656d27a7b8"

            ]

        ]

    },

    {

        "id": "5616bc8197f9d0b3",

        "type": "inject",

        "z": "ec87aef83806bf77",

        "name": "Refresh DB",

        "props": [

            {

                "p": "payload"

            },

            {

                "p": "topic",

                "vt": "str"

            }

        ],

        "repeat": "",

        "crontab": "",

        "once": true,

        "onceDelay": "0.1",

        "topic": "SELECT id, date, time, event FROM events ORDER BY id DESC",

        "payload": "",

        "payloadType": "date",

        "x": 130,

        "y": 560,

        "wires": [

            [

                "0963eb3d0d4dcbd0"

            ]

        ]

    },

    {

        "id": "9fad4c0dccccf994",

        "type": "ui_table",

        "z": "ec87aef83806bf77",

        "group": "01def7a22d7e0b47",

        "name": "Database View",

        "order": 3,

        "width": 8,

        "height": 12,

        "columns": [

            {

                "field": "id",

                "title": "ID碼",

                "width": "",

                "align": "center",

                "formatter": "plaintext",

                "formatterParams": {

                    "target": "_blank"

                }

            },

            {

                "field": "uid",

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]

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