MQTT Based Event Management Using ESP8266 and RFID

MQTT Based Event Management Using ESP8266 and RFID

源自於  https://www.hackster.io/270906/mqtt-based-event-management-using-esp8266-and-rfid-678c54

Learn to make your own MQTT based Event Management System using esp8266 and RFID which also includes setting up an AP on NodeMCU.

Hardware components NodeMCU ESP8266 Breakout Board rfid rc522 Adafruit RGB Backlight LCD - 16x2 LED (generic) DFRobot I2C 16x2 Arduino LCD Display Module Buzzer

Software apps and online services Arduino IDE MQTT

In this post, you'll learn how to build an Event Management System using RFID. NodeMCU is used for connecting with the database by setting up an AP which can be configured to connect to any APs and the protocol used here for sending the UID of the scanned RFID tag to the database is MQTT.

The device works in 2 modes:

1. Registration mode: In this mode, a new RFID tag can be scanned, it's UID is sent to the backend which will return a randomly generated unique password for that UID, which is displayed by the LCD, which can be later on used by the user to complete the registration process online.

2.Check-in mode: In this mode, if the scanned RFID tag has already registered for a particular event then "ACCESS GRANTED" will be displayed on the LCD, otherwise "ACCESS DENIED" will be displayed.

The LCD display will also display the current mode of the device.

The default mode is REGISTRATION. To switch between the two modes a push-button is used.

SCHEMATICS:

After making the above connections, follow these steps:

1. Configuring the MQTT details

Register an account in CloudMQTT.com. Then create a new Instance - free plan. Once you create the instance, note down the Server/Hostname, Username, Password and Port No for your instance.

Change the details you noted in this Arduino program. Feel free to change the topic name as you like it.

Install an MQTT application on your mobile phone and create a new connection using your CloudMQTT credentials.

Accordingly, change the MQTT credentials in the code.

const char* mqtt_user = ""; //your mqtt username
const char* mqtt_pass = ""; //your mqtt password
int mqtt_port =  ; //port number
const char* mqtt_server = ""; //your server name

In the Subscribe section of your mobile MQTT app, add a value to subscribe by pressing on the + icon at the top-right corner and enter the details. A sample of the same is shown above. You can give any field name and any topic name. Leave the unit field empty.

Go to Publish tab and create a few( =2 according to the program) text fields by clicking on the + icon on the top-right corner of the window in your mobile application as shown in the images above. You can change their names and topics as you like.

Accordingly, change the topic names in the code.

const char* subtopic = "inTopic"; //replace this with your intopic name
const char* pubtopic = "outTopic"; //replace this with your outtopic name
const char* subtopic2 = "inTopic2"; //replace this with your intopic name
const char* pubtopic2 = "outTopic2"; //replace this with your outtopic name

2.CONFIGURE THE AP

Connect to the AP set up by the nodeMCU and configure it as shown below:

Click on the configure WiFi.

Select an AP or specify it's SSID and password.

After the NodeMCU is connected to the internet it will attempt MQTT connection and wait for an RFID TAG to be scanned.

3. Scan an RFID TAG and try out the different modes.

Default mode

Upon scanning an RFID tag you'll see it's UID being displayed on the MQTT app subscribe section. You can send any random password through publish section of the app to display the password as shown below.

Password displayed in registration mode upon scanning a card.

Press the push button to change the mode and scan a card. Send 1 through MQTT app to display "Access Granted" and 0 to display "ACCESS DENIED".

Check-In Mode

Upon receiving 1 through the MQTT connection.

Upon receiving 0 through the MQTT connection.

Code

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h> 
#include <MFRC522.h>  
#include <SPI.h>      
#include <EEPROM.h>   
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include <DNSServer.h>
#include <WiFiManager.h> 
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> 

#define pinRST 9    
#define pinSS 10
const byte lcdAddr = 0x27;
const byte lcdCols = 16;
const byte lcdRows = 2;
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(lcdAddr, lcdCols, lcdRows);
String initial="Scan Your card";
String Line1_fixed;
String Line2_scrolling_base = "Registration Done!";
byte readCard[4];    
int successRead;
MFRC522 mfrc522(pinSS, pinRST);   
MFRC522::MIFARE_Key key;   
const int buzzer=16;
const char* subtopic = "inTopic"; //you can give any intopic and outtopic names as long as you make sure you provide the same names in the backend(or mqtt app)
const char* pubtopic = "outTopic";
const char* subtopic2 = "inTopic2";
const char* pubtopic2 = "outTopic2";
const char* mqtt_user = "velofqbk"; //enter you mqtt username here
const char* mqtt_pass = "uy4FH4uiHP8i"; //enter your mqtt password
int mqtt_port =  10601; //enter the mqtt port number
const char* mqtt_server = "postman.cloudmqtt.com"; //enter your mqtt server name
const int interruptPin = 0; 
const int LED=2;
bool flag = LOW;
WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);

void setup() { 
  Serial.begin(9600); 
  pinMode(LED,OUTPUT); 
  pinMode(interruptPin, INPUT_PULLUP); 
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(interruptPin), handleInterrupt, RISING); 
  pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
  lcd.begin(4,5);
  lcd.init();
  lcd.backlight();
  delay(5000);
  Serial.println("MAC:");
  Serial.println(WiFi.macAddress());
  Serial.print("calling onDemandConfigPortal");
  onDemandConfigPortal();
  client.setServer(mqtt_server, mqtt_port);
  SPI.begin();        
  mfrc522.PCD_Init(); 
  Serial.println("RFID reading process initiated.");   
  Serial.println("Please scan your RFID card to the reader.");
} 

void onDemandConfigPortal()
{
    WiFiManager wifiManager;
      if (!wifiManager.startConfigPortal("OnDemandAP")) 
      {
        Serial.println("failed to connect and hit timeout");
        delay(3000);
        //reset and try again, or maybe put it to deep sleep
        ESP.reset();
        delay(5000);
      }
      Serial.println("connected...yeey :)"); 
}

void reconnect() {
  while (!client.connected()) {
    Serial.print("Attempting MQTT connection...");
    if (client.connect("ESP8266Client", mqtt_user, mqtt_pass)) {
      Serial.println("connected");
      client.subscribe(subtopic);
      client.subscribe(subtopic2);
    } else {
      Serial.print("failed, rc=");
      Serial.print(client.state());
      Serial.println(" try again in 5 seconds");
      delay(5000);
    }
  }
}

void loop() 
{ 
  if (!client.connected()) {
    reconnect();
  }
  client.loop();
  if(flag==LOW)
     eventMode();
  else
     registerMode();       
} 

void handleInterrupt() { 
    if(flag==LOW)
      flag=HIGH;
     else
      flag=LOW; 
}

void eventMode()
{
  digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.print(initial);
  lcd.setCursor(4,1);
   lcd.print("CHECK IN");
  getID2();
}

void registerMode()
{
   digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
   lcd.clear();
   lcd.print(initial);
   lcd.setCursor(4,1);
   lcd.print("REGISTER");
   getID();
}
void getID() 
{
  if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent())  
  {
    return ;
  }

 if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial())   
  {
    return ;
  }
  
  digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);
  for (int i = 0; i < mfrc522.uid.size; i++) {  
    readCard[i] = mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i];   
    Serial.print(readCard[i], HEX); 
  }
   char msg[50];
   msg[0]='\0';
   array_to_string(readCard,4,msg);
   client.publish(pubtopic,msg);
   mfrc522.PICC_HaltA();    
   client.setCallback(callback);
}

void getID2() 
{
  if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent())
  {
    return ;
  }

 if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial())    
  {
    return ;
  }
  
    digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);
    delay(500);
    digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);
  for (int i = 0; i < mfrc522.uid.size; i++) {  
    readCard[i] = mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i];   
    Serial.print(readCard[i], HEX);  
  }
   char msg[50];
   msg[0]='\0';
   array_to_string(readCard,4,msg);
   byte mac[6];
   WiFi.macAddress(mac);
   char msg1[50];
   msg1[0]='\0';
   array_to_string(mac,6,msg1);
   char mid[]=",";
   char finalMsg[50];
   finalMsg[0]='\0';
   strcat(finalMsg,msg);
   strcat(finalMsg,mid);
   strcat(finalMsg,msg1);
   Serial.print("final msg:");
   Serial.println(finalMsg);
   Serial.print("MAC: ");
   Serial.println(WiFi.macAddress());
   client.publish(pubtopic2,finalMsg);
   Serial.print("\n");
   mfrc522.PICC_HaltA();     
  client.setCallback(callback2);
  
}

void printOnLCD()
{
  String Line2_scrolling =  "                "; 
  Line2_scrolling += Line2_scrolling_base; 
  int Line2_length = Line2_scrolling.length(); 
  int Line2_ChunkNumber = floor(Line2_length / 16 + 2); 
  int Line2_LastChunkLength = Line2_length - ((Line2_ChunkNumber - 2) * 16); 
  int Line2_ChunkLength; 
  if (Line2_LastChunkLength == 0) { 
    Line2_ChunkNumber--;
  }
  String chunk[Line2_ChunkNumber]; 
  for (int j = 0; j < Line2_ChunkNumber - 1; j++) { 
    chunk[j] = Line2_scrolling.substring(j * 16 , j * 16 + 16);
  }
  for (int k = 0; k < Line2_ChunkNumber - 1; k++) {
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(1,1);
    lcd.print(Line1_fixed); 
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print(chunk[k]); 
    lcd.print(chunk[k + 1]); 
    if (k != Line2_ChunkNumber - 2) {
      Line2_ChunkLength = 16;
    }
    else if (Line2_LastChunkLength != 0) {
      Line2_ChunkLength = Line2_LastChunkLength;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i < Line2_ChunkLength + 1; i++) {
      lcd.scrollDisplayLeft(); 
      lcd.setCursor(i, 1); 
      lcd.print(Line1_fixed); 
      delay(500); 
    }
  }
}

void array_to_string(byte a[],unsigned int len,char buffer[])
{
  for(unsigned int i=0;i<len;i++)
  {
    byte nib1=(a[i]>>4)&0x0F;
    byte nib2=(a[i]>>0)&0x0F;
    buffer[i*2+0]=nib1 < 0x0A ? '0' + nib1 : 'A'+ nib1 - 0x0A;
    buffer[i*2+1]=nib2 < 0x0A ? '0' + nib2 : 'A'+ nib2 - 0x0A;
  }
  buffer[len*2]='\0';
}

void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {
  Line1_fixed = "CODE: ";
  char password[20];
  password[0]='\0';
  Serial.print("Message arrived [");
  Serial.print(subtopic);
  Serial.print("] ");
  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    Serial.print((char)payload[i]);
    Line1_fixed=Line1_fixed+((char)payload[i]);
  }
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("fixedline= "+Line1_fixed);
  printOnLCD();
  if(Line1_fixed.length()==6)
  {
    client.setCallback(callback);
  }
  else
  {
    printOnLCD();
  }
}

void callback2(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {
 
  Serial.print("Message arrived [");
  Serial.print(subtopic2);
  Serial.print("] ");
  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    Serial.print((char)payload[i]);
   
  }
  Serial.println();
  if((char)payload[0]=='1')
  {
    
    Serial.println("access granted");
    lcd.clear();
    String result="ACCESS GRANTED!";
    lcd.setCursor(0,0);
    lcd.print(result);
    delay(2000);
  }
  else
  {
    Serial.println("access denied");
    lcd.clear();
    String result="ACCESS DENIED!";
    lcd.setCursor(0,0);
    lcd.print(result);
    delay(2000);
  }
}