2026年2月21日 星期六

ESP32 Telegram 回覆鍵盤 (Reply Keyboard)」

 ESP32 Telegram 回覆鍵盤 (Reply Keyboard)」


/*******************************************************************
     An example of how to use a custom reply keyboard markup.  
     written by Vadim Sinitski (modified by Brian Lough)
 *******************************************************************/
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
#include <UniversalTelegramBot.h>

// Wifi network station credentials
#define WIFI_SSID "Wokwi-GUEST"
#define WIFI_PASSWORD ""
// Telegram BOT Token (Get from Botfather)
#define BOT_TOKEN "7738940254:AAHbrWu9ovb1BKPQyWsbNSjNxfCGCrEWU-o"
const unsigned long BOT_MTBS = 1000; // mean time between scan messages
const int ledPin = 2 ;

WiFiClientSecure secured_client;
UniversalTelegramBot bot(BOT_TOKEN, secured_client);
unsigned long bot_lasttime;          // last time messages' scan has been done
int ledStatus = 0;

void handleNewMessages(int numNewMessages)
{
  Serial.println("handleNewMessages");
  Serial.println(String(numNewMessages));

  for (int i = 0; i < numNewMessages; i++)
  {
    String chat_id = bot.messages[i].chat_id;
    String text = bot.messages[i].text;

    String from_name = bot.messages[i].from_name;
    if (from_name == "")
      from_name = "Guest";

    if (text == "/ledon")
    {
      digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
      ledStatus = 1;
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Led is ON", "");
    }

    if (text == "/ledoff")
    {
      ledStatus = 0;
      digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // turn the LED off (LOW is the voltage level)
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Led is OFF", "");
    }

    if (text == "/status")
    {
      if (ledStatus)
      {
        bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Led is ON", "");
      }
      else
      {
        bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Led is OFF", "");
      }
    }

    if (text == "/options")
    {
      String keyboardJson = "[[\"/ledon\", \"/ledoff\"],[\"/status\"]]";
      bot.sendMessageWithReplyKeyboard(chat_id, "Choose from one of the following options", "", keyboardJson, true);
    }

    if (text == "/start")
    {
      String welcome = "Welcome to Universal Arduino Telegram Bot library, " + from_name + ".\n";
      welcome += "This is Reply Keyboard Markup example.\n\n";
      welcome += "/ledon : to switch the Led ON\n";
      welcome += "/ledoff : to switch the Led OFF\n";
      welcome += "/status : Returns current status of LED\n";
      welcome += "/options : returns the reply keyboard\n";
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id, welcome, "Markdown");
    }
  }
}

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println();

  // attempt to connect to Wifi network:
  Serial.print("Connecting to Wifi SSID ");
  Serial.print(WIFI_SSID);
  WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
  secured_client.setCACert(TELEGRAM_CERTIFICATE_ROOT); // Add root certificate for api.telegram.org
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
  {
    Serial.print(".");
    delay(500);
  }
  Serial.print("\nWiFi connected. IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

  Serial.print("Retrieving time: ");
  configTime(0, 0, "pool.ntp.org"); // get UTC time via NTP
  time_t now = time(nullptr);
  while (now < 24 * 3600)
  {
    Serial.print(".");
    delay(100);
    now = time(nullptr);
  }
  Serial.println(now);

  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // initialize digital ledPin as an output.
  delay(10);
  digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // initialize pin as off
}

void loop()
{
  if (millis() - bot_lasttime > BOT_MTBS)
  {
    int numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);

    while (numNewMessages)
    {
      Serial.println("got response");
      handleNewMessages(numNewMessages);
      numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);
    }

    bot_lasttime = millis();
  }
}


這段程式碼將 Telegram 機器人與 ESP32 的硬體控制(LED 燈) 結合,並使用了 「回覆鍵盤 (Reply Keyboard)」

與前一個範例的「內嵌按鈕」不同,回覆鍵盤會直接取代使用者的手機輸入法鍵盤,讓使用者像點選選單一樣發送指令。以下是詳細說明:


1. 硬體定義與狀態變數

C++
const int ledPin = LED_BUILTIN; // 定義 LED 引腳(通常是開發板上的內建 LED,GPIO 2)
int ledStatus = 0;              // 儲存 LED 的狀態:0 為關,1 為開

2. 指令邏輯:handleNewMessages

這部分決定了收到不同文字指令時,硬體該如何反應:

  • 開燈與關燈 (/ledon, /ledoff)

    C++
    if (text == "/ledon") {
      digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // 輸出高電位,點亮 LED
      ledStatus = 1;              // 記錄狀態
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Led is ON", ""); // 回報訊息
    }
    
  • 查詢狀態 (/status)

    C++
    if (text == "/status") {
      // 根據 ledStatus 變數判斷目前狀態並回報
      if (ledStatus) bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Led is ON", "");
      else bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Led is OFF", "");
    }
    

3. 自定義回覆鍵盤 (/options)

這是本程式最實用的部分,它讓控制變得直覺:

C++
if (text == "/options") {
  // 定義鍵盤佈局:第一排兩個按鈕,第二排一個按鈕
  String keyboardJson = "[[\"/ledon\", \"/ledoff\"],[\"/status\"]]";
  
  // 傳送鍵盤,最後一個參數 true 代表點擊後會自動縮回鍵盤
  bot.sendMessageWithReplyKeyboard(chat_id, "Choose from one of the following options", "", keyboardJson, true);
}

4. 初始化與硬體設定 (setup)

除了 WiFi 和時間同步,這裡多了一個關鍵步驟:

C++
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);    // 將 LED 引腳設定為輸出模式
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // 初始化狀態(注意:有些板子 HIGH 是關燈,視硬體配置而定)

5. 功能比較:Inline vs Reply Keyboard

特性內嵌鍵盤 (Inline - 前一個範例)回覆鍵盤 (Reply - 本範例)
位置附著在特定訊息下方取代手機原本的輸入法區域
操作點擊後發送隱藏資料 (Callback)點擊後等同於「幫使用者打字」發送
外觀較精美,適合單次操作較醒目,適合持續性的選單控制

程式運作流程總結

  1. 啟動:ESP32 連接 WiFi,同步時間,並準備好 GPIO 2 控制權。

  2. 等待:每秒檢查一次 Telegram 訊息。

  3. 互動

    • 使用者輸入 /start 看到說明。

    • 使用者輸入 /options 彈出「按鈕選單」。

    • 點選按鈕時,手機自動發出 /ledon 等指令。

    • ESP32 接收指令後,切換 LED 正負極電壓,並回傳結果。

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ESP32 Telegram 指令選單(Bot Commands)

ESP32 Telegram 指令選單(Bot Commands)  /*******************************************************************  ***********************************...