ESP32 Telegram Chat Action(聊天狀態) 的功能
//*******************************************************************/
/*******************************************************************
* An example of bot that echos back any messages received,
* including ones from channels
*
* written by Brian Lough
*******************************************************************/
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
#include <UniversalTelegramBot.h>
// Wifi network station credentials
#define WIFI_SSID "Wokwi-GUEST"
#define WIFI_PASSWORD ""
// Telegram BOT Token (Get from Botfather)
#define BOT_TOKEN "7738940254:AAHbrWu9ovb1BKPQyWsbNSjNxfCGCrEWU-o"
const unsigned long BOT_MTBS = 1000; // mean time between scan messages
WiFiClientSecure secured_client;
UniversalTelegramBot bot(BOT_TOKEN, secured_client);
unsigned long bot_lasttime; // last time messages' scan has been done
bool Start = false;
void handleNewMessages(int numNewMessages)
{
Serial.println("handleNewMessages");
Serial.println(String(numNewMessages));
for (int i = 0; i < numNewMessages; i++)
{
String chat_id = bot.messages[i].chat_id;
String text = bot.messages[i].text;
String from_name = bot.messages[i].from_name;
if (from_name == "")
from_name = "Guest";
if (text == "/send_test_action")
{
bot.sendChatAction(chat_id, "typing");
delay(4000);
bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Did you see the action message?");
// You can't use own message, just choose from one of bellow
//typing for text messages
//upload_photo for photos
//record_video or upload_video for videos
//record_audio or upload_audio for audio files
//upload_document for general files
//find_location for location data
//more info here - https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#sendchataction
}
if (text == "/start")
{
String welcome = "Welcome to Universal Arduino Telegram Bot library, " + from_name + ".\n";
welcome += "This is Chat Action Bot example.\n\n";
welcome += "/send_test_action : to send test chat action message\n";
bot.sendMessage(chat_id, welcome);
}
}
}
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println();
// attempt to connect to Wifi network:
Serial.print("Connecting to Wifi SSID ");
Serial.print(WIFI_SSID);
WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
secured_client.setCACert(TELEGRAM_CERTIFICATE_ROOT); // Add root certificate for api.telegram.org
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
{
Serial.print(".");
delay(500);
}
Serial.print("\nWiFi connected. IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
Serial.print("Retrieving time: ");
configTime(0, 0, "pool.ntp.org"); // get UTC time via NTP
time_t now = time(nullptr);
while (now < 24 * 3600)
{
Serial.print(".");
delay(100);
now = time(nullptr);
}
Serial.println(now);
}
void loop()
{
if (millis() - bot_lasttime > BOT_MTBS)
{
int numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);
while (numNewMessages)
{
Serial.println("got response");
handleNewMessages(numNewMessages);
numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);
}
bot_lasttime = millis();
}
}
這段程式碼是一個進階版的 Telegram 機器人範例,主要展示了 Chat Action(聊天狀態) 的功能(例如:顯示「對方正在輸入中...」)。
以下為您逐行解說:
1. 引入庫與基本參數設定
C++
#include <WiFi.h> // ESP32 WiFi 連線庫
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h> // HTTPS 加密傳輸庫(Telegram 規定使用)
#include <UniversalTelegramBot.h> // Telegram Bot 核心庫
WIFI_SSID: 設定為
Wokwi-GUEST,這是為了在 Wokwi 線上模擬器執行的設定。BOT_TOKEN: 機器人的身份證,用來連接 Telegram 伺服器。
BOT_MTBS: 每隔 1000 毫秒(1秒)檢查一次新訊息,避免頻繁請求導致被伺服器封鎖。
2. 核心處理邏輯:handleNewMessages
當機器人收到訊息時,會進入這個函式處理:
C++
void handleNewMessages(int numNewMessages) {
for (int i = 0; i < numNewMessages; i++) {
String chat_id = bot.messages[i].chat_id; // 取得發送者的 ID
String text = bot.messages[i].text; // 取得訊息內容
String from_name = bot.messages[i].from_name; // 取得發送者暱稱
if (from_name == "") from_name = "Guest"; // 如果沒暱稱則顯示 Guest
// --- 測試聊天動作功能 ---
if (text == "/send_test_action") {
bot.sendChatAction(chat_id, "typing"); // 在手機端顯示「機器人正在輸入中...」
delay(4000); // 模擬處理過程,停 4 秒
bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Did you see the action message?"); // 發送正式訊息
}
// --- 起始畫面 ---
if (text == "/start") {
String welcome = "Welcome..., " + from_name + ".\n";
welcome += "/send_test_action : to send test chat action message\n";
bot.sendMessage(chat_id, welcome); // 傳送歡迎詞與指令列表
}
}
}
小知識:
sendChatAction可以提升使用者體驗,讓使用者知道機器人正在處理(如:typing正在輸入、upload_photo正在上傳圖片)。
3. 初始化設定:setup
這部分只在開發板啟動時執行一次。
C++
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD); // 連接 WiFi
secured_client.setCACert(TELEGRAM_CERTIFICATE_ROOT); // 設定安全憑證
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); } // 等待網路連線
// 重要:取得正確的網路時間
configTime(0, 0, "pool.ntp.org");
time_t now = time(nullptr);
while (now < 24 * 3600) { // 如果時間不正確,HTTPS 連線會失效
delay(100);
now = time(nullptr);
}
}
4. 主迴圈:loop
程式會在這裡不斷循環運行。
C++
void loop() {
// 檢查是否超過了設定的檢查間隔 (1秒)
if (millis() - bot_lasttime > BOT_MTBS) {
// 取得新訊息的數量,並更新訊息索引
int numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);
while (numNewMessages) { // 如果有新訊息
handleNewMessages(numNewMessages); // 呼叫處理函式
numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1); // 再次確認
}
bot_lasttime = millis(); // 更新計時器
}
}
總結
這段程式碼比一般的 Echo Bot 多了:
使用者辨識:會抓取
from_name(使用者姓名)。指令觸發:使用了
if (text == "/start")這種結構來製作選單。互動感:利用
sendChatAction讓機器人看起來像「真人」在打字,這在處理耗時任務(如感測器讀取或圖片生成)時非常有用。

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