2026年2月21日 星期六

ESP32 Telegram 編輯既有訊息(Edit Existing Message) UPdate

ESP32 Telegram 編輯既有訊息(Edit Existing Message) UPdate




/*******************************************************************
An example to show how to edit an existing inline keyboard.
    In this example the keyboard is updated with the state of
    the LED.
 *******************************************************************/
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
#include <UniversalTelegramBot.h>

// Wifi network station credentials
#define WIFI_SSID "Wokwi-GUEST"
#define WIFI_PASSWORD ""
// Telegram BOT Token (Get from Botfather)
#define BOT_TOKEN "77381940254:AAHbrWu9ovb12BKPQyWsbNSjNxfCGCrEWU-o"

// LED parameters
const int ledPin = 2;                // Internal LED on DevKit ESP32-WROOM (GPIO2)
const unsigned long BOT_MTBS = 1000; // mean time between scan messages

WiFiClientSecure secured_client;
UniversalTelegramBot bot(BOT_TOKEN, secured_client);
unsigned long bot_lasttime; // last time messages' scan has been done
int last_message_id = 0;
int ledState = LOW;

void handleNewMessages(int numNewMessages)
{

    for (int i = 0; i < numNewMessages; i++)
    {

        // Get all the important data from the message
        int message_id = bot.messages[i].message_id;
        String chat_id = String(bot.messages[i].chat_id);
        String text = bot.messages[i].text;
        String from_name = bot.messages[i].from_name;
        if (from_name == "")
            from_name = "Guest";
        String msg = ""; // init a message string to use

        // Output the message_id to give you feeling on how this example works
        Serial.print("Message id: ");
        Serial.println(message_id);

        // Inline buttons with callbacks when pressed will raise a callback_query message
        if (bot.messages[i].type == "callback_query")
        {
            Serial.print("Call back button pressed by: ");
            Serial.println(bot.messages[i].from_id);
            Serial.print("Data on the button: ");
            Serial.println(bot.messages[i].text);

            if (text == "/toggleLED")
            {

                // Toggle the ledState and update the LED itself
                ledState = !ledState;
                digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);

                // Now we can UPDATE the message, lets prepare it for sending:
                msg = "Hi " + from_name + "!\n";
                msg += "Notice how the LED state has changed!\n\n";
                msg += "Try it again, see the button has updated as well:\n\n";

                // Prepare the buttons
                String keyboardJson = "["; // start Json
                keyboardJson += "[{ \"text\" : \"The LED is ";
                if (ledState)
                {
                    keyboardJson += "ON";
                }
                else
                {
                    keyboardJson += "OFF";
                }
                keyboardJson += "\", \"callback_data\" : \"/toggleLED\" }]";
                keyboardJson += ", [{ \"text\" : \"Send text\", \"callback_data\" : \"This text was sent by inline button\" }]"; // add another button
                //keyboardJson += ", [{ \"text\" : \"Go to Google\", \"url\" : \"https://www.google.com\" }]"; // add another button, this one appears after first Update
                keyboardJson += "]"; // end Json

                // Now send this message including the current message_id as the 5th input to UPDATE that message
                bot.sendMessageWithInlineKeyboard(chat_id, msg, "Markdown", keyboardJson, message_id);
            }

            else
            {
                // echo back callback_query which is not handled above
                bot.sendMessage(chat_id, text, "Markdown");
            }
        }

        // 'Normal' messages are handled here
        else
        {
            if (text == "/start")
            {
                // lets create a friendly welcome message
                msg = "Hi " + from_name + "!\n";
                msg += "I am your Telegram Bot running on ESP32.\n\n";
                msg += "Lets test this updating LED button below:\n\n";

                // lets create a button depending on the current ledState
                String keyboardJson = "["; // start of keyboard json
                keyboardJson += "[{ \"text\" : \"The LED is ";
                if (ledState)
                {
                    keyboardJson += "ON";
                }
                else
                {
                    keyboardJson += "OFF";
                }
                keyboardJson += "\", \"callback_data\" : \"/toggleLED\" }]";                                                     //callback is /toggleLED
                keyboardJson += ", [{ \"text\" : \"Send text\", \"callback_data\" : \"This text was sent by inline button\" }]"; // add another button
                keyboardJson += "]";                                                                                             // end of keyboard json

                //first time, send this message as a normal inline keyboard message:
                bot.sendMessageWithInlineKeyboard(chat_id, msg, "Markdown", keyboardJson);
            }
            if (text == "/options")
            {
                String keyboardJson = "[[{ \"text\" : \"Go to Google\", \"url\" : \"https://www.google.com\" }], [{ \"text\" : \"Send\", \"callback_data\" : \"This was sent by inline\" }]]";
                bot.sendMessageWithInlineKeyboard(chat_id, "Choose from one of the following options", "", keyboardJson);
            }
        }
    }
}

void setup()
{
    Serial.begin(115200);
    Serial.println();

    // attempt to connect to Wifi network:
    Serial.print("Connecting to Wifi SSID ");
    Serial.print(WIFI_SSID);
    WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
    secured_client.setCACert(TELEGRAM_CERTIFICATE_ROOT); // Add root certificate for api.telegram.org
    while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
    {
        Serial.print(".");
        delay(500);
    }
    Serial.print("\nWiFi connected. IP address: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

    Serial.print("Retrieving time: ");
    configTime(0, 0, "pool.ntp.org"); // get UTC time via NTP
    time_t now = time(nullptr);
    while (now < 24 * 3600)
    {
        Serial.print(".");
        delay(100);
        now = time(nullptr);
    }
    Serial.println(now);

    pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);        // initialize ledPin as an output.
    digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState); // initialize pin as low (LED Off)
}

void loop()
{
    if (millis() - bot_lasttime > BOT_MTBS)
    {
        int numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);

        while (numNewMessages)
        {
            Serial.println("got response");
            handleNewMessages(numNewMessages);
            numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);
        }

        bot_lasttime = millis();
    }
}


這段程式碼展示了 Telegram 機器人一個非常高級且優雅的功能:編輯既有訊息(Edit Existing Message)

一般的機器人在狀態改變時會不斷傳送「新訊息」,導致聊天視窗被洗版。而這段程式碼則是在「同一則訊息」上直接更新內容與按鈕文字。以下是詳細解說:


1. 核心觀念:編輯訊息

這段程式碼的核心在於 bot.sendMessageWithInlineKeyboard 函式的第五個參數

C++
// 語法:bot.sendMessageWithInlineKeyboard(chat_id, 訊息, 格式, 鍵盤JSON, 訊息ID);
bot.sendMessageWithInlineKeyboard(chat_id, msg, "Markdown", keyboardJson, message_id);
  • 如果有帶入 message_id,Telegram 就不會傳新訊息,而是去修改該 ID 對應的那則舊訊息。


2. 處理流程詳解 (handleNewMessages)

A. 獲取訊息資訊

C++
int message_id = bot.messages[i].message_id; // 取得目前的訊息 ID
String text = bot.messages[i].text;          // 取得按鈕觸發的 callback_data

B. 處理按鈕回傳 (callback_query)

當使用者點擊按鈕時:

  1. 切換狀態:執行 ledState = !ledState; 並更新實體 LED 燈。

  2. 重新構建 JSON:程式會檢查新的 ledState,動態組合按鈕文字。

    • 如果燈開了,按鈕文字變為 "The LED is ON"

    • 如果燈關了,按鈕文字變為 "The LED is OFF"

  3. 原地更新:呼叫 sendMessageWithInlineKeyboard 並傳入 message_id。這會讓使用者感覺按鈕按下去後,原本的文字和按鈕內容直接「變身」了。


3. 指令邏輯:/start/options

  • /start:機器人會第一次送出帶有 LED 狀態按鈕的訊息。這是「父訊息」,之後所有的更新都會發生在這則訊息上。

  • /options:展示傳統的按鈕跳轉功能(如開啟 Google 網頁)。


4. 硬體與環境設定 (setup)

  • GPIO 2:這是大多數 ESP32 開發板(如 WROOM)內建藍色 LED 的引腳。

  • Time Sync:同樣使用了 NTP 時間同步,確保 HTTPS 安全連線不會因為時間誤差而斷線。


5. 為什麼要用「編輯訊息」模式?

傳統模式 (傳送新訊息)編輯模式 (本範例)
聊天紀錄會變得很長、很亂。聊天視窗乾淨整潔。
使用者需要捲動螢幕查看最新狀態。使用者停留在同一個位置即可操作。
適合用於「通知」或「對話紀錄」。適合用於「控制面板」或「設定選單」。



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ESP32 Telegram 指令選單(Bot Commands)

ESP32 Telegram 指令選單(Bot Commands)  /*******************************************************************  ***********************************...