RFID Super Tag 協議模擬器
Super Tag 協議（通常指一種改進型的時分多址或樹狀抗碰撞協議）的核心概念是「標籤主導」與「快速識別」。在這種模式下，標籤不僅僅是等待查詢，還會根據內部的計數器或隨機分配的 Slot 進行主動回應，而 Reader 則根據回應情況發送確認訊號。
在進階的 Super Tag 模擬中，我們通常會加入動態時槽調整與標籤靜默機制。
協議邏輯說明
標籤主導 (Tag-Driven)：在此模擬中，每個標籤會根據內部的隨機邏輯決定是否在目前的時間窗發送訊號，這模擬了 Super Tag 協議中標籤自主競爭通道的特性。
狀態監控：
黃色 (Sending)：標籤嘗試與 Reader 溝通。
綠色 (Identified)：Reader 成功解析標籤 ID 並發送 Ack 訊號，標籤進入靜默（Quiet）狀態。
紅色 (Collision)：多個標籤同時說話，訊號相互干擾。
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import random
import time
from threading import Thread, Event
class SuperTagSimulator:
def __init__(self, root):
self.root = root
self.root.title("RFID Super Tag Protocol (標籤主導協議) 模擬器")
# 模擬標籤群 (包含 UID 與初始計數器)
self.tag_data = [
{"uid": "ST-101", "state": "Idle"},
{"uid": "ST-205", "state": "Idle"},
{"uid": "ST-309", "state": "Idle"},
{"uid": "ST-412", "state": "Idle"},
{"uid": "ST-555", "state": "Idle"}
]
# 控制旗標
self.is_running = False
self.stop_requested = False
self.pause_event = Event()
self.pause_event.set()
self.setup_ui()
def setup_ui(self):
# 頂部狀態列
self.header = tk.Frame(self.root, bg="#34495e", pady=10)
self.header.pack(fill="x")
self.lbl_info = tk.Label(self.header, text="Super Tag 系統就緒", font=("Arial", 12, "bold"), fg="white", bg="#34495e")
self.lbl_info.pack()
# 標籤視覺化區域
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.root, width=700, height=150, bg="#ecf0f1")
self.canvas.pack(pady=10)
self.tag_visuals = {}
for i, tag in enumerate(self.tag_data):
x = 80 + (i * 130)
rect = self.canvas.create_rectangle(x-40, 40, x+40, 90, fill="white", outline="#7f8c8d", width=2)
txt = self.canvas.create_text(x, 65, text=tag["uid"], font=("Arial", 9, "bold"))
status_txt = self.canvas.create_text(x, 105, text="IDLE", fill="#7f8c8d")
self.tag_visuals[tag["uid"]] = {"rect": rect, "status": status_txt}
# 按鈕控制區
btn_frame = tk.Frame(self.root)
btn_frame.pack(pady=10)
self.btn_run = tk.Button(btn_frame, text="▶ 啟動程序", command=self.start_sim, bg="#27ae60", fg="white", width=12)
self.btn_run.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
self.btn_pause = tk.Button(btn_frame, text="⏸ 暫停", command=self.toggle_pause, state=tk.DISABLED, width=12)
self.btn_pause.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
self.btn_stop = tk.Button(btn_frame, text="⏹ 結束", command=self.terminate_sim, state=tk.DISABLED, bg="#c0392b", fg="white", width=12)
self.btn_stop.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
# 傳輸紀錄表
self.tree = ttk.Treeview(self.root, columns=("Time", "Tag", "Action", "Result"), show="headings", height=8)
self.tree.heading("Time", text="時標")
self.tree.heading("Tag", text="發送標籤")
self.tree.heading("Action", text="通訊動作")
self.tree.heading("Result", text="結果")
self.tree.column("Time", width=80)
self.tree.pack(fill="both", padx=10, pady=10)
def toggle_pause(self):
if not self.is_running: return
if self.pause_event.is_set():
self.pause_event.clear()
self.btn_pause.config(text="▶ 恢復", bg="#f1c40f")
self.lbl_info.config(text="系統已暫停")
else:
self.pause_event.set()
self.btn_pause.config(text="⏸ 暫停", bg="SystemButtonFace")
self.lbl_info.config(text="系統運行中...")
def terminate_sim(self):
self.stop_requested = True
self.pause_event.set() # 確保解開暫停鎖以便退出
def start_sim(self):
self.is_running = True
self.stop_requested = False
self.pause_event.set()
self.btn_run.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
self.btn_pause.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
self.btn_stop.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
for item in self.tree.get_children(): self.tree.delete(item)
Thread(target=self.protocol_logic, daemon=True).start()
def protocol_logic(self):
self.root.after(0, lambda: self.lbl_info.config(text="正在同步所有標籤..."))
time.sleep(1)
# 模擬 Super Tag 的多輪辨識
unidentified_tags = [t["uid"] for t in self.tag_data]
while unidentified_tags and not self.stop_requested:
self.pause_event.wait()
# 隨機選擇本輪嘗試發送的標籤（模擬機率碰撞）
# 在 Super Tag 協議中，標籤會根據內部的 Slot Counter 決定是否發送
attempting_tags = [uid for uid in unidentified_tags if random.random() > 0.4]
timestamp = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S")
if not attempting_tags:
self.log_event(timestamp, "N/A", "Channel Sensing", "Idle (空閒)")
time.sleep(0.8)
continue
# 視覺化：所有嘗試發送的標籤變色
for uid in attempting_tags:
self.update_tag_ui(uid, "#f1c40f", "SENDING...")
time.sleep(1) # 模擬傳輸延遲
if len(attempting_tags) == 1:
# 成功辨識
success_uid = attempting_tags[0]
unidentified_tags.remove(success_uid)
self.log_event(timestamp, success_uid, "Identification", "SUCCESS (辨識成功)")
self.update_tag_ui(success_uid, "#2ecc71", "IDENTIFIED")
# 成功後標籤進入靜默狀態 (Sleep)
else:
# 發生碰撞
self.log_event(timestamp, "Multiple", "Collision", f"{len(attempting_tags)} Tags Clash!")
for uid in attempting_tags:
self.update_tag_ui(uid, "#e74c3c", "COLLISION")
time.sleep(1.2)
# 重置未辨識標籤的顏色
for uid in unidentified_tags:
self.update_tag_ui(uid, "white", "IDLE")
final_msg = "所有標籤辨識完成！" if not self.stop_requested else "模擬已結束"
self.root.after(0, lambda: self.lbl_info.config(text=final_msg))
self.reset_controls()
def update_tag_ui(self, uid, color, status):
def update():
self.canvas.itemconfig(self.tag_visuals[uid]["rect"], fill=color)
self.canvas.itemconfig(self.tag_visuals[uid]["status"], text=status, fill="#2c3e50" if color != "white" else "#7f8c8d")
self.root.after(0, update)
def log_event(self, ts, tag, action, res):
self.root.after(0, lambda: self.tree.insert("", 0, values=(ts, tag, action, res)))
def reset_controls(self):
self.is_running = False
self.btn_run.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
self.btn_pause.config(state=tk.DISABLED, text="⏸ 暫停", bg="SystemButtonFace")
self.btn_stop.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
app = SuperTagSimulator(root)
root.mainloop()
在 Super Tag 協議中，最重要的效能指標是 「吞吐量與碰撞率的關係」。當標籤數量增加時，碰撞會呈指數級成長。
碰撞與成功率的拉鋸：
在模擬開始時，標籤數量多（未辨識者多），碰撞率 (Collision) 會頻繁上升。
隨著標籤一個個被「辨識成功」並轉為綠色，競爭者變少，成功率 (Success) 會趨於穩定。
效能視覺化：
左上角的長條圖會動態伸縮。如果紅色部分（Collision）太高，代表協議的背離避讓機制（Backoff）需要調整。
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import random
import time
from threading import Thread, Event
class SuperTagProSimulator:
def __init__(self, root):
self.root = root
self.root.title("RFID Super Tag 效能分析模擬器")
# 標籤資料
self.tags = [{"uid": f"TAG-{i:02d}", "identified": False} for i in range(12)]
# 統計數據
self.stats = {"Success": 0, "Collision": 0, "Idle": 0}
self.is_running = False
self.is_paused = False
self.stop_requested = False
self.pause_event = Event()
self.pause_event.set()
self.setup_ui()
def setup_ui(self):
# 頂部：圖表統計區 (使用 Canvas 自行繪製簡易長條圖)
graph_frame = tk.LabelFrame(self.root, text="即時效能統計 (Real-time Stats)", padx=10, pady=10)
graph_frame.pack(fill="x", padx=10, pady=5)
self.stat_canvas = tk.Canvas(graph_frame, width=400, height=120, bg="#f8f9fa")
self.stat_canvas.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
self.bars = {}
self.create_chart()
# 中間：標籤狀態網格
tag_frame = tk.LabelFrame(self.root, text="標籤場景狀態")
tag_frame.pack(fill="both", padx=10, pady=5)
self.tag_labels = {}
grid_container = tk.Frame(tag_frame)
grid_container.pack(pady=5)
for i, tag in enumerate(self.tags):
lbl = tk.Label(grid_container, text=tag["uid"], width=8, relief="groove", bg="white")
lbl.grid(row=i//6, column=i%6, padx=2, pady=2)
self.tag_labels[tag["uid"]] = lbl
# 按鈕控制區
ctrl_frame = tk.Frame(self.root)
ctrl_frame.pack(pady=10)
self.btn_run = tk.Button(ctrl_frame, text="▶ 開始分析", command=self.start_sim, bg="#27ae60", fg="white", width=10)
self.btn_run.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
self.btn_pause = tk.Button(ctrl_frame, text="⏸ 暫停", command=self.toggle_pause, state=tk.DISABLED, width=10)
self.btn_pause.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
self.btn_stop = tk.Button(ctrl_frame, text="⏹ 結束", command=self.terminate_sim, state=tk.DISABLED, bg="#c0392b", fg="white", width=10)
self.btn_stop.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
# 底部狀態列
self.lbl_summary = tk.Label(self.root, text="準備就緒", font=("Arial", 10, "italic"))
self.lbl_summary.pack(pady=5)
def create_chart(self):
# 建立長條圖基礎結構
colors = {"Success": "#2ecc71", "Collision": "#e74c3c", "Idle": "#95a5a6"}
for i, (key, color) in enumerate(colors.items()):
x = 50 + (i * 100)
bar = self.stat_canvas.create_rectangle(x, 100, x+40, 100, fill=color)
txt = self.stat_canvas.create_text(x+20, 110, text=key)
val = self.stat_canvas.create_text(x+20, 90, text="0")
self.bars[key] = {"rect": bar, "val_txt": val}
def update_chart(self):
total = sum(self.stats.values())
if total == 0: return
for key, value in self.stats.items():
height = (value / total) * 80 # 最大高度 80 像素
x0, _, x1, _ = self.stat_canvas.coords(self.bars[key]["rect"])
self.stat_canvas.coords(self.bars[key]["rect"], x0, 100-height, x1, 100)
self.stat_canvas.itemconfig(self.bars[key]["val_txt"], text=str(value))
def toggle_pause(self):
if self.is_paused:
self.is_paused = False
self.pause_event.set()
self.btn_pause.config(text="⏸ 暫停")
else:
self.is_paused = True
self.pause_event.clear()
self.btn_pause.config(text="▶ 恢復")
def terminate_sim(self):
self.stop_requested = True
self.pause_event.set()
def start_sim(self):
self.is_running = True
self.stop_requested = False
self.is_paused = False
self.pause_event.set()
self.stats = {"Success": 0, "Collision": 0, "Idle": 0}
for t in self.tags: t["identified"] = False
self.btn_run.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
self.btn_pause.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
self.btn_stop.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
Thread(target=self.logic_loop, daemon=True).start()
def logic_loop(self):
while not self.stop_requested and any(not t["identified"] for t in self.tags):
self.pause_event.wait()
# 模擬 Super Tag 隨機存取機率
active_tags = [t for t in self.tags if not t["identified"] and random.random() < 0.2]
# 更新所有標籤 UI 為初始色
self.root.after(0, self.reset_labels)
time.sleep(0.3)
if len(active_tags) == 0:
self.stats["Idle"] += 1
elif len(active_tags) == 1:
self.stats["Success"] += 1
tag = active_tags[0]
tag["identified"] = True
self.root.after(0, lambda uid=tag["uid"]: self.tag_labels[uid].config(bg="#2ecc71", fg="white"))
else:
self.stats["Collision"] += 1
for tag in active_tags:
self.root.after(0, lambda uid=tag["uid"]: self.tag_labels[uid].config(bg="#e74c3c", fg="white"))
self.root.after(0, self.update_chart)
self.root.after(0, lambda: self.lbl_summary.config(text=f"已辨識: {sum(t['identified'] for t in self.tags)} / {len(self.tags)}"))
time.sleep(0.7)
self.is_running = False
self.root.after(0, self.reset_buttons)
def reset_labels(self):
for tag in self.tags:
if not tag["identified"]:
self.tag_labels[tag["uid"]].config(bg="white", fg="black")
def reset_buttons(self):
self.btn_run.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
self.btn_pause.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
self.btn_stop.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
app = SuperTagProSimulator(root)
root.mainloop()
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